Understanding Tree Roots: What You Should and Shouldn't Do
March 18, 2025
Trees are the lifeblood of any landscape, providing shade, fresh air, and aesthetic appeal to your home or property. But beneath the surface lies a complex network of roots that play a critical role in the health and stability of the tree. Whether you're planting, building, or landscaping, understanding tree roots and how they function is essential to avoid costly mistakes and to ensure your trees thrive for years to come.
This blog will explore how tree roots grow, what you should and shouldn’t do when working around them, and practical tips to keep your trees and yard healthy.
Why Are Tree Roots Important?
Tree roots are much more than just the underground structure anchoring a tree in place. They are responsible for:
- Nutrition – Roots absorb water and nutrients from the soil, sustaining tree growth over time.
- Stability – A strong root system helps keep trees upright, even in harsh weather conditions.
- Ecosystem Balance – Roots interact with soil microbes and other plants, contributing to a balanced ecosystem in your garden.
Understanding their structure is essential for maintaining a harmonious relationship between trees and surrounding land features.
Types of Tree Roots
Tree root systems can differ depending on the species, but most follow this basic structure:
- Taproots – These are deep roots that grow straight down into the soil, especially in young trees.
- Lateral Roots – Growing outward just beneath the surface, these roots often spread far past the tree canopy, making them the most common type of root found in your yard.
- Feeder Roots – These small, delicate roots grow closer to the soil's surface, absorbing most of the water and nutrients the tree needs.
Keep this structure in mind as we discuss what to do—and what to avoid—when dealing with tree roots.
What You Should Do With Tree Roots
1. Plant Trees Properly from the Start
Planting trees in the right location is the first step to avoiding root complications. Consider factors like:
- Space – Choose a site with enough room for the tree’s mature root system. For example, oak trees can have roots spanning up to 90 feet wide.
- Depth – Dig a hole that’s wide and shallow to encourage root growth outward rather than downward.
- Tree Choice – Research the specific needs of the species you’re planting. Native species tend to fare best.
2. Water Wisely
Tree roots need sufficient water to thrive, but overwatering can lead to root rot. Follow these tips for watering:
- Water deeply but infrequently to encourage roots to grow deeper into the soil.
- Use mulch around the base to retain moisture while keeping feeder roots hydrated.
- Adjust watering frequencies based on seasonal needs, providing more water during dry periods.
3. Protect the Root Zone
The area beneath a tree's canopy—often called the "drip line"—is the most critical part of its root system. Here’s what you should do:
- Apply a thin layer of mulch (2–4 inches) around the base without burying the trunk to protect feeder roots.
- Avoid heavy traffic or machinery in the root zone, as it can compact the soil and inhibit root growth.
- Maintain proper soil nutrition to allow roots to absorb essential nutrients.
4. Work with an Arborist
If you’re planning any construction, landscaping, or pruning near trees, consult with a certified arborist. They can:
- Evaluate the root structure and determine whether a tree might be impacted.
- Offer practical advice on root protection during large projects.
- Help you resolve any ongoing root-related issues like decay or girdling roots.
What You Shouldn’t Do With Tree Roots
1. Don’t Cut Roots Lightly
Cutting tree roots may seem harmless, but it can have serious consequences. Roots:
- Provide structural support—severing large roots can destabilize the tree.
- Supply the tree with nutrients—cutting off significant portions may harm its growth.
- Leave the tree vulnerable to pests and disease—wounds are an entry point for pathogens.
Always consult an arborist before cutting roots. If pruning is unavoidable, limit cuts to small, lateral roots and only when absolutely necessary.
2. Avoid Compacting the Soil
Roots need oxygen to thrive, and compacting the soil over the root zone can reduce oxygen flow. To prevent compaction:
- Refrain from parking vehicles or positioning heavy objects near the tree base.
- Avoid excessive foot traffic around sensitive areas.
- Install pathways or raised decking to minimize impact on the root zone.
3. Never Bury Roots Too Deeply
Covering a tree root system with extra soil may seem like an easy fix for exposed roots, but it can suffocate the tree over time. Instead:
- Use mulch to cover shallow roots without burying them entirely.
- Create designated pathways or areas for walking, avoiding exposed roots.
- Build root-friendly paths using gravel or permeable materials.
4. Don’t Plant Too Close to Structures
Tree roots are opportunistic—they’ll take advantage of existing cracks in pavements, sidewalks, or building foundations. Avoid planting fast-growing trees too close to:
- Driveways or patios
- Underground plumbing or utility lines
- House foundations or retaining walls
For best results, plant trees at least 15–20 feet away from significant structures, depending on the species.
Signs of Root Damage
If a tree’s root system becomes compromised, the health of the entire tree is at risk. Look out for these warning signs:
- Wilting foliage or browning leaves despite adequate watering.
- Reduced growth or smaller leaves than usual.
- Leaning trees, which may indicate root instability.
- Visible root exposure or damage caused by nearby construction or soil erosion.
If you notice these signs, seek professional advice immediately.
Nurture Healthy Tree Roots for a Thriving Landscape
Tree roots are vital yet often overlooked components of healthy landscaping. By understanding their structure and needs, and taking action to protect them, you can ensure your trees remain strong, beautiful, and functional for years.
Remember to plant trees thoughtfully, water them adequately, and protect the vulnerable root zone. Avoid practices like root cutting and soil compaction that can damage these essential structures. For ongoing maintenance or professional guidance, always consult an arborist who specializes in root health.
Investing in proper care for your tree roots isn’t just good for your property—it’s good for the environment as a whole. Healthy trees contribute to cleaner air, cooler temperatures, and improved ecosystems. Now that you know the dos and don’ts of working with tree roots, it's time to give your trees the attention they deserve.
Contact Us:
JM Tree Service Douglasville
Douglasville, Georgia
770-343-4094
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